• Theme: Ecological framing dominates environmental impact assessment, integrating ecosystem processes, habitat interactions, and human–environment coupling into planning and impact frameworks. [1], [3], [8], [10]

• Theme: Indicator-based infrastructure for EIA—environmental indices, scales, data resources enabling standardized assessment, monitoring, and decision support. [5], [6], [7], [12], [14]

• Theme: Quantitative decision-making and methodological frameworks shape EIA practice, emphasizing decision analysis, trade-offs, and trend-based approaches. [9], [13], [15], [18]

• Theme: International perspectives and policy context influence EIA practice, including cross-national comparisons and global-change considerations. [13], [17]

• Theme: Interdisciplinary approaches that integrate ecology, environmental science, and planning to support priority setting, scenario analysis, and integrated environmental planning. [8], [10], [11]